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Il s’agit d’un patient de 56 ans, avec des antécédents d’hypertension, de maladie coronaire et de tabagisme.
Son traitement habituel comporte atenolol, hydrochlorothiazide, aspirine.
A la suite d’une perte de poids et d’une microhématurie, une masse de 8 cm est mise en évidence dans le rein gauche avec des nodules hépatiques et pulmonaires suspects de métastases.
Il bénéficie d’une néphrectomie radicale et l’examen histologique retrouve un carcinome à cellules claires grade 3 de Fuhrman.
Il est placé sous monothérapie par sunitinib 400 mg X 2 par jour, en cycles de 4 semaines de traitement, 2 semaines d’interruption et ainsi de suite.
Avant de débuter le sunitinib, les examens biologiques sont normaux y compris glycémie à jeun, lipides, électrolytes.
La créatine plasmatique après néphrectomie est à 130 µmol/L et la protéinurie à 270 mg/24 h.
Une échocardiographie montre une hypertrophie ventriculaire gauche légère, stable depuis 2 ans.
Au cours de l’année passée les pressions artérielles étaient stables aux alentours de 120/80 mmHg.
Deux semaines après le début du sunitinib, sa PA? en consultation est à 160/100 mmHg, confirmée à plusieurs reprises.
Le patient est par ailleurs asymptomatique, l’examen clinique sans particularités, le poids inchangé de même que la biologie (créatinine, électrolytes).
Un traitement par lisinopril 20 mg/j est débuté, ce qui normalise la PA après 4 semaines.
Pendant la période d’arrêt du sunitinib, il ressent des vertiges à l’orthostatisme et l’examen des automesures tensionnelles retrouve des PA basses dans les 100/60 mmHg.
Le lisinopril est diminué de dose mais la PA remonte lors de la réintroduction du sunitinib.
La dose de lisinopril est à nouveau remontée et la dose de sunitinib diminuée de moitié.
La pression artérielle reste stable par la suite aux alentours de 130/80 mmHg.
Suite de l’observation :
L’évolution est marquée par une normalisation de la pression artérielle sous traitement (PA 130/80 mmHg en AMT? régulière) alors que le sunitinib est poursuivi à la même dose.
Après 6 mois, le patient est toujours en vie et stable sous sunitinib, mais une protéinurie apparaît et se majore à 2,5 g/j avec une dégradation de la fonction rénale, la créatine plasmatique augmente de 130 à 180 µmol/l.
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