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67 posts
6 February
19 January
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Purpose of review A growing number of adult patients with congenital heart disease (ACHD) are entering the healthcare system as a result of advances in the diagnosis and management of congenital heart defects. Heart failure is a common final pathway for this diverse patient population, (...) -- VALVULAR HEART DISEASE: Edited by Subodh Verma and Bobby Yanagawa
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Purpose of review The Coronavirus Disease 2019 pandemic prohibited Canadian medical students from in-person observerships. This may be particularly detrimental to under-represented groups that may consider surgical subspecialties. To address the unprecedented need for alternative surgical (...) -- VALVULAR HEART DISEASE: Edited by Subodh Verma and Bobby Yanagawa
16 January
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Purpose of review The following review is intended to provide a summary of contemporary cardiogenic shock (CS) profiling and diagnostic strategies, including biomarker and hemodynamic-based (invasive and noninvasive) monitoring, discuss clinical differences in presentation and trajectory (...) -- HEART FAILURE: Edited by Jerry Estep
11 January
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Purpose of review Chronic primary mitral regurgitation (MR) is a common heart valve disease with a rising prevalence with the aging populations worldwide. The timing of surgical intervention in patients who have severe MR but remain asymptomatic is often debated. Herein we synthesize the latest (...) -- VALVULAR HEART DISEASE: Edited by Subodh Verma and Bobby Yanagawa
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Purpose of review Acute aortic syndromes include acute aortic dissection, intramural hematoma, and penetrating aortic ulcer, and are associated with high mortality and morbidity. This review focuses on recent findings and current understanding of gender-related and sex-related differences in (...) -- VALVULAR HEART DISEASE: Edited by Subodh Verma and Bobby Yanagawa
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Purpose of review Despite improvements in medical therapies, patients with heart failure continue to suffer significant morbidity and mortality. Acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) remains a common and serious medical condition with a myriad of implications on patient survival and quality (...) -- HEART FAILURE: Edited by Jerry Estep
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Purpose of review Neurohormonal blockade and device-based therapies for heart failure (HF) greatly reduce morbidity and mortality. Sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) have demonstrated benefits in patients with HF across a broad range of phenotypes. In addition to SGLT2i, drugs (...) -- HEART FAILURE: Edited by Jerry Estep
3 January
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Purpose of review Historically, the selection criteria for heart transplant candidates has prioritized posttransplant survival while contemporary allocation policy is focused on improving waitlist survival. Donor scarcity has continued to be the major influence on transplant allocation policy. (...) -- HEART FAILURE: Edited by Jerry Estep
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Purpose of review Despite advances in the technology of mechanical circulatory support, the need for heart transplantation continues to grow. The longevity of heart transplants continues to be superior to mechanical solutions, though the short-term differences are shrinking. In this review, we (...) -- HEART FAILURE: Edited by Jerry Estep
1 January
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Purpose of review Cardiogenic shock remains a complex and variable disease process requiring early recognition and prompt, multidisciplinary treatment. Available data link usage of high-dose and/or multiple vasopressors in cardiogenic shock to increased mortality. This review proposes a (...) -- SPECIAL COMMENTARY
29 December
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Purpose of review Bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) disease is observed in 1–2% of the general population. In addition to valve-related complications (such as aortic stenosis and aortic regurgitation), individuals with BAV often develop dilatation of the proximal aorta (aortic root and ascending (...) -- VALVULAR HEART DISEASE: Edited by Subodh Verma and Bobby Yanagawa
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Purpose of review There is a lack of data on the epidemiology and management of severe aortic stenosis (AS) in diverse populations. We summarize the contemporary literature on the racial and ethnic differences in AS prevalence, treatment and outcomes and discuss possible explanations for these (...) -- VALVULAR HEART DISEASE: Edited by Subodh Verma and Bobby Yanagawa
22 December
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Purpose of review Rheumatic mitral stenosis (MS) while declining in high- and middle-income countries, continues to be a major cause of death and disability in low-income countries. Although the nonvitamin-K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs) have essentially supplanted vitamin K (...) -- VALVULAR HEART DISEASE: Edited by Subodh Verma and Bobby Yanagawa
9 November
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Purpose of review Recent advances in genetics have facilitated the calculation of polygenic risk scores (PRSs) based on common genetic risk variants of coronary artery disease (CAD). Here, we provide an explanation of the genetic basis for PRSs and review recent literature investigating PRSs (...) -- PREVENTION: Edited by Martin Bødtker Mortensen
7 November
2 November
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Purpose of review Despite technological advancements in catheter ablation, patients with atrial fibrillation often require multiple ablations, with diminishing returns depending on duration and persistence. Although early ablation is vital, modification of atrial fibrillation disease can be (...) -- ARRHYTHMIAS: Edited by Wilber W. Su
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Purpose of review The purpose of this review is to assess the evidence for primary prevention statin treatment in older adults, within the context of the most recent guideline recommendations, while also highlighting important considerations for shared decision-making. Recent findings As the (...) -- PREVENTION: Edited by Martin Bødtker Mortensen
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Purpose of review There is an increasing need for improved risk stratification to better individualize cardiovascular preventive measures. Although age and sex are strong and easily obtained cardiovascular risk factors (CVRFs), their influence on the prognostic importance of other CVRF, (...) -- PREVENTION: Edited by Martin Bødtker Mortensen
1 November
20 October
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Purpose of review This review aims to summarize the recent development, benefit, and safety of extrapulmonary vein ablation for atrial fibrillation. Recent finding Studies have shown that extrapulmonary vein ablation can help maintain normal sinus rhythm for patients with persistent atrial (...) -- ARRHYTHMIAS: Edited by Wilber W. Su
28 September
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Purpose of review As transcatheter edge-to-edge mitral valve repair (TEER) evolves and indications broaden to include younger and lower surgical risk patients, it is essential to understand TEER failure trends and potential impact on subsequent mitral valve surgery, especially when pertaining (...) -- SPECIAL COMMENTARY
12 September
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Purpose of review Coronary artery disease (CAD) is responsible for >50% of heart failures cases. Patients with ischemic left ventricular systolic dysfunction (iLVSD) are known to have poorer outcomes after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) (...) -- CORONARY ARTERY SURGERY: Edited by Marc Ruel
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Purpose of review Myocardial infarction with nonobstructive coronary arteries (MINOCA) represents about 6–8% of all patients with myocardial infarction (MI), and several pathophysiological mechanisms showed to be involved in this heterogeneous clinical condition. Of note, MINOCA proved to be (...) -- ISCHEMIC HEART DISEASE: Edited by Peter H. Stone
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Purpose of review Various definitions of periprocedural myocardial infarction (MI) have been proposed by academic groups and professional societies differing in terms of biomarker thresholds and ancillary criteria for myocardial ischemia. The incidence and clinical significance of (...) -- ISCHEMIC HEART DISEASE: Edited by Peter H. Stone
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Purpose of review The burden of tricuspid regurgitation (TR) is high in the aging population, almost 4% in the age group over 75 have moderate or more TR. This carries a poor prognosis and an increased incidence of mortality, prolonged hospitalization, and rehospitalization in symptomatic (...) -- SPECIAL COMMENTARIES
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Purpose of review Left ventricular assist devices (LVADs) are life-saving therapies for patients in end-stage heart failure (HF) with reduced ejection fraction regardless of candidacy for heart transplantation. Multiple clinical trials have demonstrated improved morbidity and mortality with (...) -- SPECIAL COMMENTARIES
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Purpose of Review The recent American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association/Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions Guidelines for Coronary Artery Revascularization have raised concerns on the survival benefits of coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) over (...) -- CORONARY ARTERY SURGERY: Edited by Marc Ruel
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Purpose of review For invasive treatment of coronary artery disease (CAD), we assess anatomical complexity, analyse surgical risk and make heart-team decisions for percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) or coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). With PCI, treating flow-relevant lesions is (...) -- CORONARY ARTERY SURGERY: Edited by Marc Ruel
1 September
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Purpose of review Ultrasound enhancing agents (UEAs), microbubbles which are composed of lipid or albumin shells containing high molecular weight gases with nonlinear acoustic properties in the ultrasound field, are important components of the diagnostic armamentarium in echocardiography. This (...) -- IMAGING AND THE TRICUSPID VALVE: Edited by Sherif Nagueh
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Purpose of review Temporary mechanical circulatory support (tMCS) has become central in the treatment of refractory cardiogenic shock and can be used to bridge patients to durable MCS, heart transplant or recovery. This review will discuss contemporary data regarding bridging strategies (...) -- SPECIAL COMMENTARIES
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Purpose of review Hypertension (HTN) is a well known risk factor for atherosclerosis and peripheral arterial disease (PAD). PAD affects more than 250 million people globally and is associated with worse clinical outcomes. Although multiple studies have been performed to evaluate treatment of (...) -- SPECIAL COMMENTARIES
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Purpose of review The ability to edit any genomic sequence has led to a better understanding of gene function and holds promise for the development of therapies for genetic diseases. This review describes prime editing - the latest CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing technology. Prime editing enables (...) -- SPECIAL COMMENTARIES
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Purpose of review The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) mostly uses the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE-2) as cellular receptor for entering the host cells. Some, but not all, animal studies have shown that renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS) inhibitors can (...) -- SPECIAL COMMENTARIES
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Purpose of review Hypertension (HTN) remains the most common and strongest contributing factor to the development of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). In this review, we aim to summarize the pathophysiological processes linking HTN to HFpEF and highlight novel concepts in (...) -- SPECIAL COMMENTARIES
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Purpose of review Increasing evidence supports the use of advanced imaging with cardiac computed tomography (CCT) and cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) in the work-up of patients with arrythmias being considered for ablation. Recent findings Advances in imaging technology and postprocessing are (...) -- SPECIAL COMMENTARIES
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26 August
22 August
1 July
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Purpose of review Enabled by widespread technological advancements, electronic health (eHealth) strategies have expanded rapidly over the last decade, presenting opportunities to support self-management including medication adherence for cardiometabolic disease control. eHealth can minimize (...) -- HYPERTENSION: Edited by Hector O. Ventura and Carl J. Lavie
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Purpose of review High blood pressure (BP) is the world's leading risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and death. This review highlights findings during the past 18 months that apply to the management of high BP in adults in the context of the 2017 American College of (...) -- HYPERTENSION: Edited by Hector O. Ventura and Carl J. Lavie
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Purpose of review Dementia is a life-course condition with modifiable risk factors many from cardiovascular (CV) origin, and disproportionally affects some race/ethnic groups and underserved communities in the USA. Hypertension (HTN) is the most common preventable and treatable condition that (...) -- HYPERTENSION: Edited by Hector O. Ventura and Carl J. Lavie
1 May
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Purpose of review Clinical trials of adult cell therapy for chronic heart failure are often misrepresented in an unfairly negative light. Results are claimed to be ’negative’, ’incremental’, or ’modest’. This common misconception is detrimental to medical progress and needs to be dispelled. Recent (...) -- MOLECULAR GENETICS: Edited by Ali J. Marian
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Purpose of the review Thoracic aortic aneurysms and dissections (TAADs) are a major health problem in the Western population. This review summarises recent discoveries in the genetic landscape of TAAD disease, discusses current challenges in clinical practice, and describes the molecular road (...) -- MOLECULAR GENETICS: Edited by Ali J. Marian
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Purpose of review Numerous cardiac diseases may cause sudden cardiac death (SCD), and a genetic basis for SCD has been established in the inherited cardiac conditions (ICCs). Previously, ICCs were thought to have a Mendelian inheritance pattern, wherein a rare pathogenic/likely pathogenic (...) -- MOLECULAR GENETICS: Edited by Ali J. Marian
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Purpose of review In this review, we critically address the role of epigenetic processing and its therapeutic modulation in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). Recent findings HFpEF associates with a poor prognosis and the identification of novel molecular targets and (...) -- MOLECULAR GENETICS: Edited by Ali J. Marian
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Purpose of review Vaping activity continues to increase worldwide. Promoted as a ‘healthier’ alternative to traditional smoking, emerging evidence indicates ‘healthier’ should not be confused with ‘harmless’. Direct inhalation exposure of the respiratory tract in experimental research demonstrates (...) -- MOLECULAR GENETICS: Edited by Ali J. Marian
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Purpose of review Despite novel technologies for treating shock patients, cardiogenic shock mortality remains high. Trends of cardiogenic shock associated with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) have previously been described, though little is known about cardiogenic shock resulting from other (...) -- CARDIAC FAILURE: Edited by Rebecca Cogswell and Gene Kim
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Purpose of review Cardiogenic shock (CS) is a highly morbid condition with mortality remaining greater than 30% despite improved pathophysiologic understanding and access to mechanical circulatory support (MCS). In response, shock teams modeled on successful multidisciplinary care structures (...) -- CARDIAC FAILURE: Edited by Rebecca Cogswell and Gene Kim
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Purpose of review The goal of this review is to summarize the current knowledge on the role of medical management of cardiogenic shock in the era of mechanical circulatory support based on important lessons from clinical trials and routine clinical practice, with a focus on providing practical (...) -- CARDIAC FAILURE: Edited by Rebecca Cogswell and Gene Kim
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Purpose of review Despite advances in heart failure (HF) therapies, the associated morbidity, mortality, hospitalization rates, and healthcare expenditures remain high. A significant proportion of patients with HF remain symptomatic despite receiving optimal medical therapy. Consequently, there (...) -- HEART FAILURE: Edited by Jerry Estep
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Purpose of review This review aims to serve as a practical guide for differentiating the two most common forms of cardiac amyloidosis, as well as reviewing the approach to diagnosis and management, particularly as it pertains to transthyretin cardiac amyloidosis. Recent findings Emerging (...) -- HEART FAILURE: Edited by Jerry Estep
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Purpose of review The burden of clinical heart failure, both heart failure with a reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) and with a preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), continues to increase both nationally and globally. This review summarizes the expanding role of multimodality imaging techniques (...) -- HEART FAILURE: Edited by Jerry Estep
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Purpose of review The burden of heart failure (HF) in the United States and worldwide is projected to rise. Prevention of HF can curb the burden of this chronic syndrome, but current approaches are limited. This review discusses team-based strategies aimed to prevent HF. Recent findings (...) -- HEART FAILURE: Edited by Jerry Estep
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Purpose of review Given the limited population level, adoption of optimal therapy that has been shown in recent clinical trials and heart failure registries, efforts to rapidly and safely improve adoption of guideline-directed medical therapy for heart failure should be prioritized. (...) -- HEART FAILURE: Edited by Jerry Estep
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